Feb 16, 09 (Summary of Interpreting the Data- Creswell)

Crewell (2007) shows us another methodology that how we can interpret the data in qualitative research in this book.

 

 

Researchers engage in interpreting the data when they conduct qualitative research: (p. 154).

 

-       Interpretation involves making sense of the data, the “lessons learned,” as described by Lincoln and Guba (1985). Several forms exist, such as interpretation based on hunches, insights, and intuition.

-       Interpretation might be within a social science construct or idea or a combination of personal views as contrasted with a social science construct or idea.

-       In the process of interpretation, researchers step back and form larger meanings of what is going on in the situations or sites.

-       For postmodern and interpretive researchers, these interpretations are seen as tentative, inconclusive, and questions.

 

 

In the final phase of the spiral, Researchers present the data, a packaging of what was found in text, tabular, or figure form: (p. 154)

 

[EXAMPLE]

Creating a visual image of the information, a researcher may present a comparison table or a matrix- for example, a 2 x 2 table that compares men and women in terms of one of the themes or categories in the study.

 

 

Hypotheses or propositions that specify (상술, 명기) the relationship among categories of information also represent information (p. 154).

 

[EXAMPLE]

In grounded theory, investigators advance propositions that interrelate the causes of a phenomenon with its context and strategies.

 

-       Authors present metaphors to analyze the data, literary devices in which something borrowed from one domain applies to another. Qualitative writers may compose entire studies shaped by analyses of metaphors.

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[중요: SUMMARY of Data analysis and Representation, by Research Approaches]

 

Phenomenology

·      Step #1: Create and organize files for data

·      Step #2: Read through text, make margin notes, form initial codes

·      Step #3: Describe personal experiences through epoche

·      Step #4: Describe the essence of the phenomenon

·      Step #5: Develop significant statements

·      Step #6: Group statements into meaning units

·      Step #7: Develop a textural description, “What happened”

·      Step #8: Develop a structural description, “How” the phenomenon was experienced

·      Step #9: Develop the “essence”

·      Step #10: Present narration of the “essence” of the experience; in tables, figures, or discussion

 

 

Case Study

·      Step #1: Create and organize files for data

·      Step #2: Read through text, make margin notes, form initial codes

·      Step #3: Describe the case and its context

·      Step #4: Use categorical aggregation to establish themes or patterns

·      Step #5: Use direct interpretation

·      Step #6: Develop naturalistic generalizations

·      Step #7: Present in=depth picture of the case (or cases) using narrative, tables, and figures

 

 

[중요 Phenomenological & Case Study Analysis and Representation]- (Creswell, 2007, pp. 159-164)